LỜI DỊCH BÀI HÁT: "Photosynthesis"

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Lượt chơi: 1005 | Yêu Thích: 97 Photosynthesis
Trình bày: The Light Reactions
Photosynthesis : part A - The Light Reactions
Amusical Lecture by Glenn Wolkenfeld

A music Lecture by Glenn Wolkenfeld
Boys and girls tell me what you think of this,
Time for a lesson ‘bout photosynthesis
Cells use light to combine water carbon dioxide.
Gonna see electrons going for a wild ride.
Making sugar, making sweet O¬2.
But why should photosynthesis matter to you?
Food on your table.
O2 rich atmosphere.
Without photosynthesis you simple wouldn’d be here.

( Part I, The Big Picture)
Photosynthesis is a redox reaction.
Powered by light using enzymatic action.
Water’s oxidized, CO2’s re duced
The sugar that results you drink in orange juice.
The overall reaction has two phases.
First is the light reactions which has as its basis.
Light powered production of ATP.
O2 is the by – product and you will see.
Production of electron carrier NADPH
Which provides reducing power needed in the second phase
‘Cause NADPH, during phase 2
Provides what’s needed for reducing CO2
NADPH ia made by a reduction of NADP+, whose function
Is to absorb electrons and pick up H,
Gaining energy and making NADPH.
Phase 2 is the Calvin Cycle makes carbohydrate,
Like sugar and starches and fibers on your lunch plate.
It’s how plants make food animals eat.
Photosynthesis, it’s so sweet!

(Part II: Chloroplasts, Thylakoids, Light, and Chlorophyll)
In a lesf there’s mesophyllic tissue
And cells with chloroplasts key to the issue.
Chloroplasts are almost like cells in every way,
With their own ribosomes and their own DNA.
They even reproduce themselves, splitting into half.
A clue for this organelle’s independent past.
This theory has a name endosymbiosis,
Developed in the 60s by Lynn Margulis.
Inside the chloroplast is the fluid stroma.
It’s true in Tokyo.
It’s true in Roma.
Stroma syrrounds little thylakoids.
Each one has a hollow space inside.
The thylakoid’s membrane is loaded with protein.
‘Cause it’s the light reactions’ scene.
It’s all about using light for powering electrons,
All about grabbing the power in photons.
The photons needed are are those from light,
Which has the energy to make the world bright.
The highest frequency that we can see,
Is violet light with wavelength 380.
380 nanometers, sounds small,
But next to gamma rays it’s rather tall.
Red light shines at 750.
Isn’t the visible spectrum nifty?
Photons are packets of light energy,
Both a wave and a particle, you see.
Phootins get adsorbed by pigments.
It’s real, it’s true, it ain’t no figment!
Most important are green chlorophylls.
Orange carotenoids, and yellow xanthophylls.
Together they absorb light, mostly red and blue.
The green is not absorbed it reflects back to you.
In chlorophyll see the porphyrin ring.
See the magnesium, which makes you want to sing,
Magnesium, metal with valence two.
You’ll see those electrons rocketing through.
Notice the tail, a hydrocarbon chain.
Which anchors chlorophyll into the thylakoid membrane.
A molecule with style, so pretty,
In the thylakoid it makes electricity!

( Part III)
Englemann showed us the action spectrum.
Used a prism to break the sun’s
Light into its frequencies.
Shone it on spirogyra, filamentous algae.
The O2 algae make will stimulate bacteria.
Which will grow in any oxygen – rich area.
Bacteria loved it over blue and red,
But hardly grew over green, they might as well be dead!
The line of growth is a refection, of photosynthesis’ action spectrum.
Note this won’t match, exactly,
The absorption spectra of chlorophyll a or b.
‘Cause the cartenoids and xanthophylls we’ve met,
Absorb light frequencies the chlorophylls can’t get.
And in the thylakoid they all cooperate,
In using light to synthesize carbohydrate.
Consider chlorophyll in isolation,
Shine some light upon it (call it photoexcitation)
The valence electrons in magnessium
Jump to an excited state, it’s so fun!
But once up at that level, they can only fall.
Back to where they started, like a bouncing ball.
These falling alectrons, release energy,
Fluorescing as red light, as you can see.
But in thylakoids, chlorophyll’s not alone,
Instesd a photosystem is chlorophyll’s home.
The photosystem’s parts can take photons,
And use their energy to move electrons.
The system’s antenna complex does the first capture,
Changing photon anergy into electron rapture.
The energized electrons bounce like a ball,
At the reaction center, they jump but do not fall.
A primary electron acceotor grabs them from on top,
And yanks them with a force reaction center cannot stop.
To this oxidized reaction center we’ll return,
But the details of electron flow it now is time to learn.

( Part IV) ATP Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Electron Flow.
Non - cycle flow is the main pathway.
Much confustion relates to the way
Hootoystm II precedes photosystem I.
It’s a fct to memorize, just get it done!
PS II’s antenna captures a photon,
Generates a flow of electrons.
All around the world, even n Haiti,
They flow to reaction center P680.
There electrons do not hover,
Electron acceptor passes them over.
To the electron transport chain,
In the thylakoid membrane.
This chain’s like a bucket brigade.
Each molecule has a similar trade.
They take energized electrons,
And use their energy for pumping protons.
From stroma to the thylakoid space.
Packing protons into that place.
This makes a gradient across the thylkoid membrane
The protons want “out” or they’ll go insane.
But the protons can’t permeate.
The membrane won’t allow escape.
There’s only one port through which they travel.
It’s the ATP Synthase channel.
The “-ase” tells you this is an enzyme.
Which makes ATP all the time.
It has binding sites for ADP and Pi,
And channels for diffusing protons whose knetic energy.
Changes the binding sites’ conformation.
Fusing ADP with Pi which for your information.
Is how thylakoids make ATP.
Life’s key form of energy.
From respiration this might feel familiar.
ATP is made this way in mitochondria.
Chemiosomosis is the name
ATP production is the game.

( Part V: NADPH Synthesis in Non – Cyclic Elecron Flow)
Back to our electons moved by the sun.
Flowing from Photosystem II to System I.
They get to PS I lke a used up battery.
The transport chain used up their energy.
But when light hits PS I’s antenna
Electrons boune to reaction center.
This one’s P700,
That wavelength makes electrons go!
PS T’s electron acceptor grabs them away,
Leaving P700 in an oxidized way.
And P700 with its oxidized blues accepts the alectrons from PS II.
Bak to electron from PS I.
It now gose for a ride, having its own fun.
But powering proton pumps ain’t its fate.
It travels to NADP+ reductase.
An enzyme plant cells count upon.
To pass some H and electrons.
To NADP+ which gets reduced.
It’s how NADPH get produced.

(Part VI: Oxygen Production in Non – Cycli Electron Flow)
The by – product of these light reactions
Is oxygen here’s how it happens.
Back PS II, it came to arise,
That P680 got oxidized
To replace lost electrons P680 liberates.
Electrons from water which dissociates.
Into one oxygen and protons two,
The single O will meet anoher forming O2.
These protons are formed in the thylakoid space.
Increasing proton concentration in that place.
So we see a side effect of water’s oxidation.
Is enhancement of ATP creation.
Quang hợp: phần A- Các phản ứng sáng
Một bài giảng bằng nhạc của Glenn Wolkenfeld

Các bé trai và các bé gái hãy nói cho thầy biết các em nghĩ thế nào về điều này,
Đến lúc chúng ta cùng học một bài về quang hợp
Các tế bào dùng ánh sáng để hoá hợp nước và cạc-bon-đi-ô-xit
Chúng ta sẽ thấy các điện tử nhào lên du hí rộn ràng (một cuộc đua bạt mạng)
Tạo nên đường, tạo ra khí O2 thân thương
Nhưng vì sao quang hợp lại \\\"thành vấn đề\\\" với các em nhỉ?
Thực phẩm bày trên bàn ăn của các em
Bầu không khí giàu O2 các em thở
Nếu như không có quá trình quang hợp thì, đơn giản là, các em sẽ không thể ngồi đây

(Phần I, Bức tranh tổng thế)
Quang hợp là một phản ứng oxi hoá khử
Được cung cấp năng lượng bởi ánh sáng dưới tác động của enzim
Nước bị oxi hoá, CO2 bị khử
Thành quả tạo ra đường trong nước cam các em uốn
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